To give birth to a healthy baby, pre pregnancy check is very important. Pre pregnancy examination is different from routine physical examination, mainly for reproductive system and genetic factors. Pre pregnancy examination is best done before pregnancy 3~6 months. Both husband and wife should be related to the inspection of the project, because a healthy baby must first be a combination of sperm and egg sperm health, so men do not ignore.
People often have a misunderstanding, that only the mother to do the inspection on the line, the father will not have to go, I do not know, azoospermia and other diseases themselves do not necessarily have discomfort. It is well known that a healthy baby must first be a combination of healthy sperm and egg. Therefore, men and women before pregnancy check as important. So both men and women need to do pre pregnancy checks to ensure normal pregnancy and healthy baby
The necessity of prenatal examination
The rate of birth defects in our country each year is 4% ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ +, the rate of congenital. This means that China's annual increase in children with congenital disabilities 800 thousand to 1 million 200 thousand. In the Chinese population, congenital mental retardation has reached 30 million, and an annual growth rate of up to 2%. China's average every 20 minutes will be born 1 children of mongolism, every 6 minutes will be born 1 neural tube malformation.
If the family has obvious genetic patients, people will pay attention to this aspect of the child when the examination, and consciously consult the doctor. However, some parents behave like normal people, but it is a carrier of genetic disease genes, although they do not have the disease, but it is likely to be passed on to the next generation of genetic disease.
At present, after the birth of children with genetic diseases, there is no good way to cure. Therefore, the genetic disease in the prevention, we have to take a variety of means to prevent the birth of children with genetic diseases.
Pre pregnancy check items
1 reproductive system: through the leucorrhea routine screening Trichomonas, mold, Mycoplasma Chlamydia infection, vaginitis, and gonorrhea, syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases. Gynecological diseases, such as suffering from sexually transmitted diseases, it is best to thoroughly treatment, and then pregnant, otherwise it will cause miscarriage, premature birth and other risks. This is a normal vaginal discharge test, most women will not have any feeling, but when you relax the examination can make you less sensitive.
2 gynecological endocrine: including follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and other 6 items. Diagnosis of ovarian diseases such as irregular menstruation.
3 urine routine: contribute to the early diagnosis of kidney disease, 10 months of pregnancy on the mother's kidney system is a huge test, the body's metabolic increase, will make the burden on the kidneys.
4 off the full set of distortion: including rubella, Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus three. 60% to 70% of women will be infected with rubella virus, once infected, especially in the first three months of pregnancy, will cause miscarriage and fetal malformations. Venous blood was examined.
5 liver function: liver function examination currently has the size of the function of the two, in addition to a complete set of large liver function, including blood glucose, bile acid and other projects. If the mother is a hepatitis patient, pregnancy will cause premature birth and other consequences, hepatitis virus can also be transmitted directly to the child.
6.ABO hemolysis (men and women do together): including blood type and ABO solution
Specific project
Pre pregnancy examination:
1, blood (blood group): early detection of anemia and other blood system diseases, because not only will appear if the mother anemia, postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal infection and other complications, but also bring disaster to the baby, the baby brought a series of effects, such as infection, decreased resistance, growth and development of backward.
2, urine routine: contribute to the early diagnosis of kidney disease. Ten months of pregnancy for the mother's kidney system is a huge test, the body's metabolic increase, will make the burden on the kidneys. If there is a kidney disease, the consequences will be very serious.
3, stool routine: digestive system diseases, parasitic infection diagnosis, such as Toxoplasma infection, if not early detection, can cause miscarriage, fetal malformation and other serious consequences.
4, liver function (two): hepatitis, liver injury diagnosis. If the mother is a viral hepatitis patients, not found in time, after pregnancy can cause very serious consequences, premature birth, and even neonatal death. Hepatitis B virus can also be transmitted vertically to children.
5, chest X-ray / film: tuberculosis and other lung disease diagnosis. Women with tuberculosis after pregnancy, the treatment will be limited, so that treatment affected. Moreover, the activity of tuberculosis often due to postpartum fatigue and aggravate the condition, and the risk of infection to the child.
6, a full set of gynecological endocrine: diagnosis of ovarian diseases such as irregular menstruation, such as women suffering from ovarian cancer, even if tumors are benign, often after pregnancy also increase the uterus, affect the observation of the tumor, and even lead to miscarriage, premature birth risk.
7, leucorrhea routine: screening Trichomonas, mold, bacterial infection, if suffering from sexually transmitted diseases, it is best to thoroughly treatment before pregnancy. Otherwise it will cause miscarriage, premature birth, premature rupture of membranes and other dangerous.
8, chromosome detection: early detection of G's syndrome, Turner's syndrome and other genetic diseases, infertility.
Pre pregnancy examination:
Pre pregnancy check is not just a matter of your own, for the sake of insurance, your husband should also be checked accordingly. In addition to the above part of the examination items, but also focus on checking her husband's semen and reproductive system diseases.
A history
The right to collect medical history is very important, the doctor should be responsible for, and confidentiality for patients; patients should also be vivid with the true reflection of the following:
1, occupation and type of work: with or without contact poison (lead, mercury, phosphorus), radiation, whether high temperature operation, contact time and whether there is no protective measures; nutritional status; have bad habits (tobacco, wine, etc.).
2, medical history: whether had gonorrhea, tuberculosis, mumps, epididymitis, prostatitis, cystitis or pyelonephritis, spinal cord injury, there is no dysuria, without diabetes or hypothyroidism, how to treat the situation and effect.
3, marriage and sexual life: including sexual attitudes, sexual intercourse and frequency, with or without emission, impotence, premature ejaculation, premarital masturbation habits; the feelings of husband and wife, wife's health, sexual life is harmonious; the age of marriage, cohabitation and time is not taken contraceptive measures.
4, the past examination and treatment: semen examination results, acquisition time and methods; had no treatment, the effect of how to check the situation of the woman.
5, family history: the family with infertility, hermaphroditism, genetic disease, tuberculosis and other patients.
Two, physical examination
Including the whole body and reproductive organs. Systemic examination and the same medical methods, with particular attention to the development, nutrition and mental status, but the focus is the reproductive organs of the inspection, the inspection includes:
1, the penis: pay attention to have serious phimosis, induration, inflammation with tumor or dysplasia.
2, urethra: there is no fistula, rupture, induration.
3, prostate: anal examination can check its size, with or without induration, tumor, also can massage take prostate fluid examination.
4, spermary: measure its size, palpation hardness, have without sclerosis, tenderness, tumor, whether be cryptorchidism.
5, spermatic cord: touch the hardness of the vas deferens, with nodules, tenderness, varicocele.
Three, laboratory examination
In addition to the semen examination items will be checked, the rest should be selected depending on the specific circumstances of the patient:
1, semen analysis: this will help to understand the male fertility, infertility is a must check items, including color, volume, liquefaction time, pH, sperm count, motility, survival and morphology.
2, in vitro fertilization experiment: even if the conventional semen analysis is completely normal, but sometimes still can not fully represent the ability of sperm insemination. In vitro heterologous insemination experiment can more accurately estimate the ability of sperm to determine male fertility value is very common, the heterogeneous insemination experiment of human sperm penetration of hamster eggs, with normal fertility of sperm as control.
3, prostate fluid examination: normal for the white, alkaline, lecithin small particles, the refractive visible full vision high magnification, a few epithelial cells, amyloid and sperm, white blood cell count is greater than ten, inflammatory leukocyte number increase, or even saw piles of pus cells, Lecithin Granules significantly reduced.
Four, endocrine examination. The function of the hypothalamus pituitary testis axis can be understood by the gonadotropin releasing hormone test. Testosterone levels can directly reflect the function of the cells. Thyroid hormone, adrenal gland hormone or prolactin if necessary.
Five. Doppler ultrasonography. Helps to confirm varicocele.
Six, X-ray examination. In order to determine the site of obstruction of the seminiferous tubules, the vas deferens, epididymis angiography, vas deferens, seminal vesiculography or urethrograms, hyperprolactinemia perturbation sella X-ray tomography (positive, lateral) to determine whether the pituitary adenoma.
Seven, immunological examination. Sperm agglutination test or immobilization test for detection of antibodies against sperm agglutination or serum antibodies in serum or seminal plasma. Although there are many methods of detection, should be selected according to local conditions.
Eight, testicular biopsy. For azoospermia or oligospermia, the spermatogenic function and the development of Leydig cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis were examined directly.
Nine, karyotype analysis. For external genital malformations